What does Attribution Theory explain?

Attribution Theory provides insight into how individuals interpret and explain the causes of behavior, specifically distinguishing between internal dispositions (traits, motives, intentions) and external situations (environmental factors, circumstances). When we observe someone's behavior, we often try to attribute it to either their inherent qualities or the situational context in which they acted.

For example, if a student fails an exam, one might attribute their performance to a lack of effort (an internal factor) or to the difficulty of the test (an external factor). This distinction is crucial because it influences our perceptions and interactions with others. Understanding whether behavior is attributed to personal characteristics or situational influences can also affect our attitudes, responses, and social judgments.

This theory is foundational in social psychology, as it helps elucidate how people perceive social situations and individuals, thereby shaping their interpersonal relationships and societal behaviors.