Which of the following can lead to the scapegoating of specific groups?

The option that states competition for resources is the correct choice because it directly correlates with the phenomenon of scapegoating in social psychology. When groups compete for limited resources, tension and conflict can arise, leading individuals or groups to project their frustrations and negative feelings onto a specific, oftentimes marginalized, group. This scapegoating serves as a coping mechanism, allowing those in the dominant group to deflect their insecurities and shortcomings onto a less powerful entity, thereby preserving their own self-esteem and social standing.

In situations where resources such as jobs, land, or even social services are scarce, people may feel threatened and more likely to blame others for their struggles. This not only provides a clear target for frustration but also fosters an 'us versus them' mentality, further entrenching divisions and reinforcing stereotypes.

The other options would not lead to scapegoating in the same way. A surge of empathy typically promotes understanding and connection rather than division. The promotion of diversity encourages acceptance and appreciation of different groups, countering the root causes of scapegoating. Lastly, the encouragement of collaboration fosters teamwork and unity, helping to alleviate tensions rather than exacerbate them.